馬氧化三甲胺(TMAO)ELISA試劑盒
檢測(cè)原理
本試劑盒采用間接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)ELISA方法，在酶標(biāo)板微孔條上預(yù)包被偶聯(lián)抗原，樣本中馬氧化三甲胺和微孔條上預(yù)包被的偶聯(lián)抗原競(jìng)爭(zhēng)馬氧化三甲胺抗體，加入酶標(biāo)二抗后，形成包被抗原-抗體-酶標(biāo)二抗復(fù)合物。隨后結(jié)合的酶催化TMB底物顯色，樣本吸光值與其含有的馬氧化三甲胺成負(fù)相關(guān)。通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線可準(zhǔn)確定量樣品中馬氧化三甲胺的含量。通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線計(jì)算所得值乘以樣品處理的稀釋倍數(shù)即為實(shí)際樣品中馬氧化三甲胺的含量。
間接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法模式圖
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按操作順序形成包被抗原-抗體-酶標(biāo)二抗復(fù)合物后，加入TMB 底物，板孔液體由無(wú)色變成藍(lán)色，再加入終止液液體變?yōu)辄S色后進(jìn)行吸光度值測(cè)定。
檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的局限性
僅供科研使用。
試劑盒的使用期限不得超過(guò)試劑盒標(biāo)簽上的有效期。不要將試劑與其他批次或來(lái)源的試劑混合使用或替換使用。
如果樣品產(chǎn)生的值高于最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，則用測(cè)定稀釋劑進(jìn)一步稀釋樣品，并重復(fù)測(cè)定。稀釋劑、操作人員、移液技術(shù)、洗滌技術(shù)、培養(yǎng)時(shí)間或溫度以及試劑盒使用年限的任何變化都可能導(dǎo)致結(jié)合變化。
樣本采集、處理和存儲(chǔ)的變化可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致樣本值的差異。
本試劑盒實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)消除了不同樣品中可能潛在的干擾因素的影響，但并不能涵蓋所有潛在影響因素。不能排除存在其他干擾的可能性。
操作要點(diǎn)
為了避免交叉污染，在添加每個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品、樣品和試劑時(shí)應(yīng)更換移液器槍頭。
當(dāng)使用自動(dòng)洗板機(jī)時(shí)，在加入洗滌緩沖液后加入30秒的浸泡期，或者在洗滌步驟之間將板旋轉(zhuǎn)180度，可以提高測(cè)定精度。
顯色劑應(yīng)保持無(wú)色，直到添加到板中。確保顯色劑不受光線照射。
應(yīng)按照與顯色劑相同的順序?qū)⒔K止液添加到板中。加入終止液后，孔中形成的顏色將從藍(lán)色變?yōu)辄S色。藍(lán)色的孔表示終止液未與溶液充分混合。
需要的其他材料
1. 酶標(biāo)儀，包含450nm測(cè)定波長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)包含600-680nm校正波長(zhǎng)更佳；
2. 移液器及槍頭；
3. 蒸餾水或去離子水
4.100-1000mL刻度量筒。
5. 洗瓶、排槍或自動(dòng)微孔板清洗機(jī)。
6. 水平軌道微孔板振蕩器，能夠保持500±50 rpm的速度。
7. 用于稀釋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品和樣品的試管。
注意事項(xiàng)
1. 此試劑盒提供的終止液為稀硫酸溶液，具有一定腐蝕性，應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎操作。
2. 該試劑盒中的某些成分含有防腐劑，可能會(huì)引起皮膚過(guò)敏反應(yīng)，應(yīng)佩帶口罩避免吸入薄霧。
3. 顯色劑B可能會(huì)引起皮膚、眼睛和呼吸道刺激，應(yīng)佩帶口罩避免吸入薄霧。
4. 佩戴防護(hù)手套、防護(hù)服、眼睛和面部防護(hù)用品。處理后徹底洗手。
樣品預(yù)處理
下面列出的樣品收集和儲(chǔ)存條件旨在作為一般性指導(dǎo)。樣品穩(wěn)定性尚未評(píng)估。
玉米、小麥、大米等糧食飼料處理方法：
粉碎并取5g的樣品置于50mL離心管中，加入25ml的40%乙醇水與其混勻。于振蕩器上劇烈震蕩10min，轉(zhuǎn)速為150r/min（或渦旋震蕩5min以上），震蕩后于4000r/min離心5min（或靜置3min）。取上清溶液200µL，再加入600µL的1×PBS進(jìn)行稀釋，混勻后取50µL進(jìn)行檢測(cè)
樣品稀釋倍數(shù)：20
試劑準(zhǔn)備
使用前將所有試劑置于室溫平衡30分鐘左右。
洗滌液/稀釋液配制：
如果洗滌液/稀釋液（20×）有晶體析出，需在37℃下加熱?晶體全部溶解。用蒸餾水1:20稀釋（例如：1mL 濃縮洗滌液加入19mL的蒸餾水）
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品配制：
試劑盒中取出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品，準(zhǔn)備7個(gè)試管，先將1000ppb標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品（200µL）按需吸取一定量用1×稀釋液稀釋至81ppb（例：81µL的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品母液+919µL的1×稀釋液，制備得到1000μL的81ppb濃度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品），隨后在6個(gè)試管中分別加入600μL的1×稀釋液，在這6個(gè)單獨(dú)的試管中將81ppb標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品依次3倍倍比稀釋至7個(gè)梯度，共配制7個(gè)濃度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品，依次為：81ppb、27ppb、9ppb、3ppb、1ppb、0.33ppb、0.11ppb，從最高濃度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品溶液中吸取300μL標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品到下一個(gè)試管中，輕輕吹打混勻，以此類推進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品的倍比稀釋（如圖所示），1×稀釋液用作零濃度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品(0ppb)。
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一抗工作液配制：
使用前10分鐘，用1×稀釋液將100×一抗工作液稀釋成1×一抗工作液，根據(jù)所需用量配置。
酶標(biāo)二抗工作液配制：
使用前10分鐘，用1×稀釋液將100×酶標(biāo)二抗稀釋成1×酶標(biāo)抗體工作液，根據(jù)所需用量配置。
備注：
如樣本中待測(cè)物濃度高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品最高值，請(qǐng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選擇適當(dāng)?shù)南♂尡稊?shù) (建議：將待測(cè)樣本用樣品稀釋液最低稀釋1倍，在正式實(shí)驗(yàn)之前做預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)，以確定具體稀釋倍數(shù)) ；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品母液及100×酶標(biāo)二抗溶液根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)所需酶標(biāo)板孔數(shù)吸取一定量配制工作液，剩余溶液應(yīng)放回-20℃儲(chǔ)存，且避免反復(fù)凍融。（若實(shí)驗(yàn)在1-2周內(nèi)做完，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品母液及100×酶標(biāo)抗體置于2-8℃保存；若實(shí)驗(yàn)為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間跨度實(shí)驗(yàn)，建議將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品母液及100×酶標(biāo)抗體置于-20℃保存，以保證實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的穩(wěn)定性）
實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟
所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品、樣品建議復(fù)孔檢測(cè)
1.樣本孵育：每孔分別加入50μL不同濃度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品/預(yù)處理過(guò)的待測(cè)樣品，同時(shí)加入抗試劑50µL/孔（加抗試劑時(shí)請(qǐng)使用多道移液器），蓋上封板膜在37℃下孵育30分鐘。孵育結(jié)束后，重復(fù)步驟1中的清洗步驟3次。
2.二抗孵育：每孔加入100μL酶標(biāo)抗體工作液，輕輕混勻，蓋上封板膜在37℃下避光孵育30分鐘。孵育結(jié)束后，重復(fù)步驟1中的清洗步驟4次。
3.底物顯色：每孔首先加入50μL顯色液A，隨后加入50μL顯色液B，輕輕混勻，蓋上封板膜在37℃下避光孵育15分鐘。（加顯色液時(shí)請(qǐng)使用多道移液器，根據(jù)樣品和對(duì)照抗體的顏色，自行控制顯色時(shí)間）
4.終止反應(yīng)：待顯色反應(yīng)結(jié)束后，每孔加入50μL終止液（加終止液時(shí)請(qǐng)使用多道移液器），輕輕混勻，5分鐘內(nèi)用預(yù)熱完成的酶標(biāo)儀在450nm處測(cè)吸光值。
精密度
批內(nèi)精密度：三組已知的高、中、低濃度樣品，進(jìn)行二十次在同一個(gè)板塊內(nèi)精度評(píng)估。
批內(nèi)變異系數(shù) CV%小于10%。
批間精密度：三組已知的高、中、低濃度樣品，進(jìn)行二十次在不同板塊內(nèi)精度評(píng)估。
批間變異系數(shù) CV%小于15%。
回收率
樣本回收率：80%-120%
靈敏度
經(jīng)樣本測(cè)試，本試劑盒的檢測(cè)靈敏度為0.11ppb。
線性關(guān)系
校準(zhǔn)品劑量反應(yīng)曲線相關(guān)系數(shù)r值，大于等于0.999。
交叉反應(yīng)性
馬氧化三甲胺：100%
實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟匯總
1.加標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品/樣品和一抗，37℃反應(yīng)30分鐘，洗滌3次。
2.加酶標(biāo)二抗，37℃反應(yīng)30分鐘，洗滌4次。
3.加顯色液，37℃避光反應(yīng)15分鐘。
4.加終止液，在5分鐘內(nèi)讀數(shù)。
結(jié)果的計(jì)算
以濃度的對(duì)數(shù)為橫坐標(biāo)，OD值為縱坐標(biāo)，繪出四參數(shù)邏輯函數(shù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線?；蛘呤褂媚軌蛏伤膮?shù)邏輯（4-P）曲線擬合的計(jì)算機(jī)軟件來(lái)創(chuàng)建標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線。
若樣品OD值高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線上限，應(yīng)適當(dāng)稀釋后重測(cè)并在計(jì)算樣本濃度時(shí)乘以相應(yīng)的稀釋倍數(shù)。
酶聯(lián)生物經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的實(shí)驗(yàn)優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)，積累了大量的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，擁有專業(yè)的酶聯(lián)研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)。利用專業(yè)的酶聯(lián)免疫技術(shù)自主研發(fā)的elisa試劑盒，能對(duì)血清及其它樣本定量檢測(cè)抗原，定性檢測(cè)特異性抗體。優(yōu)質(zhì)的試劑，先進(jìn)的儀器和正確的操作是保證ELISA檢測(cè)結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確可靠的必要條件。ELISA檢測(cè)的方便性、穩(wěn)定性、重復(fù)性和可靠性方面都具有很大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
ELISA檢測(cè)技術(shù)服務(wù)內(nèi)容：
1、雙抗體夾心法檢測(cè)抗原 2、間接法檢測(cè)抗體 3、為客戶提供各種ELISA技術(shù)進(jìn)行樣本檢測(cè)。
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二、樣本要求
在收集標(biāo)本前都必須有一個(gè)完整的計(jì)劃，必須清楚要檢測(cè)的成份是否足夠穩(wěn)定。我們提倡新鮮標(biāo)本盡早檢測(cè)，對(duì)收集后當(dāng)天就進(jìn)行檢測(cè)的標(biāo)本，及時(shí)儲(chǔ)存在4℃?zhèn)溆茫缬刑厥庠蛐枰芷谑占瘶?biāo)本，請(qǐng)?jiān)炷Ｈ〔暮螅瑢?biāo)本及時(shí)分裝后放在-20℃或-70℃條件下保存。因冰室與室溫存在一定溫差，蛋白極易降解，直接影響實(shí)驗(yàn)質(zhì)量，所以避免反復(fù)凍融。代測(cè)放免標(biāo)本的客戶取材前須向我司銷售人員索要說(shuō)明書，具體操作注意事項(xiàng)請(qǐng)與我司技術(shù)人員溝通。
液體類標(biāo)本：標(biāo)本必須為液體，不含沉淀。包括血清、血漿、尿液、胸腹水、腦脊液、細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)上清、組織勻漿等。
血清：室溫血液自然凝固10-20分鐘后，離心20分鐘左右（2000-3000轉(zhuǎn)/分）。收集上清。如有沉淀形成，應(yīng)再次離心。
血漿：應(yīng)根據(jù)試劑盒的要求選擇EDTA、檸檬酸鈉或肝素作為抗凝劑，加入10%（v/v）抗凝劑(0.1M檸檬酸鈉或1%heparin
或2.0%EDTA.Na2)混合10-20分鐘后，離心20分鐘左右（2000-3000轉(zhuǎn)/分）。仔細(xì)收集上清。如有沉淀形成，應(yīng)再次離心。
尿液、胸腹水、腦脊液：用無(wú)菌管收集。離心20分鐘左右（2000-3000轉(zhuǎn)/分）。仔細(xì)收集上清。如有沉淀形成，應(yīng)再次離心。
細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)上清：檢測(cè)分泌性的成份時(shí)，用無(wú)菌管收集。離心20分鐘左右（2000-3000轉(zhuǎn)/分）。仔細(xì)收集上清。檢測(cè)細(xì)胞內(nèi)的成份時(shí)，用PBS（PH7.0-7.4）稀釋細(xì)胞懸液，細(xì)胞濃度達(dá)到100萬(wàn)/ml左右。通過(guò)反復(fù)凍融，以使細(xì)胞破壞并放出細(xì)胞內(nèi)成份。離心20分鐘左右（2000-3000轉(zhuǎn)/分）。仔細(xì)收集上清。保存過(guò)程中如有沉淀形成，應(yīng)再次離心。
組織標(biāo)本：切割標(biāo)本后，稱取重量。加入一定量的PBS，緩沖液中可加入1μg/L蛋白酶抑制劑或50U/ml的Aprotinin（抑肽酶）。用手工或勻漿器將標(biāo)本勻漿充分。離心20分鐘左右（2000-3000轉(zhuǎn)/分）。仔細(xì)收集上清置于-20度或-70度保存，如有必要，可以將樣品濃縮干燥。分裝后一份待檢測(cè)，其余冷凍備用。
三、寄標(biāo)本時(shí)需注明以下情況：
1、標(biāo)本編號(hào)；2、所測(cè)項(xiàng)目；3、是否做復(fù)孔；3、聯(lián)系方式；4、實(shí)驗(yàn)后標(biāo)本是否寄回。
客戶須知：
客戶應(yīng)對(duì)所提供的材料及信息負(fù)責(zé)，如因客戶提供的材料及信息不準(zhǔn)確而引起的實(shí)驗(yàn)延誤或經(jīng)濟(jì)損失由客戶承擔(dān)。
Q:1.
how to collect samples and preparation of ELISA?
Performed by ELISA test is generally common clinical samples including blood (finger
blood, blood), urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusion, prostatic fluid,
semen, vaginal secretions, which
Some time of sample collection, preservation methods and has certain requirements.
Collection (a) clinical specimens
A, blood samples:Some physiological factors, such as smoking, eating, exercise, mood
swings, pregnancy, postural changes in blood can affect certain ingredients, even some
of diurnal variation. Therefore, blood samples
Acquisition should avoid interference physiological factors, consistent with appropriate
conditions, such as can not be avoided, should indicate the factors on the specimen.
1. Peripheral:Usually select the inside of blood left ring finger, the portion should be
no frostbite, inflammation, edema, damage. If the site does not meet the requirements to
other parts of the fingers instead. For burn patients, optional leather
Intact skin at the blood. As part of routine blood tests (eg, white blood cell count,
sort, etc.) affected by physiological factors fluctuation is too large, when compared to
the conditional should be consistent. It relates to the body, blood clotting function
Can test items (such as platelet count, bleeding time or clotting time) testing, we must
pay attention to understand whether the patient used anticoagulant, procoagulant drugs
in order to reduce or avoid interfering factors
influences.
2. Blood:In addition to involving a variety of projects such as hemostasis and
thrombosis detector requires the use of anticoagulated blood plasma, the current
analysis to detect the vast majority of projects can be directly detected using blood
serum. In the serum test items
, Some (such as blood sugar, blood fat) diet and circadian factors influenced, fasting
blood samples were generally appropriate; some decay rapidly in the blood (serum enzyme
activity assay such as ACP activity, etc.),
0 ~ 4 ℃ storage is not an activity decreased, the detection of these projects must be
timely and fast; some (such as creatine kinase) influenced by exercise and other
factors. Avoid hemolysis occurs when blood is also important
And, more particularly potassium, LDH and other measurement.
B, urine samples:With the same blood samples, urine samples affect diet, exercise,
medication and other factors that are also large, especially on the diet, so the morning
urine generally superior to random urine. Means getting up early morning urine
After the first urine specimens, representing concentrated and acidified visible
components (such as blood cells, epithelial cells, tubular) easy to observe the relative
concentration. Random urine that is a random urine specimens convenient, but by diet,
Sports, and even more the influence of drugs, prone to false positive and false negative
results, such as diet proteinuria, glucosuria diet, vitamin C interference occult blood
results and the like. Postprandial urine (patient 2 hours after lunch, collected
Human Urine) suitable for urine, urine protein and urobilinogen check urine samples at
this time to increase the sensitivity of the test, the detection of minor lesions. 12
hours in urine cell count is Addis count (last night 8:00
After emptying the bladder to all specimens of urine 8 o'clock the next morning),
because a long time, easy to breed bacteria shall be added preservative formaldehyde.
24-hour urine (the first day of the morning after emptying the bladder specimens from
8:00 to 8:00 the next morning
All urine) quantification of chemical substances, including proteins, sugars, urinary
17-one, 17-hydroxy steroids, catecholamines, Ca2 +, etc., to detect different
substances, choose a different preservative preservative. clean
Urine used for urine bacterial culture requires sterile specimens were taken after
washing the vulva. Urine specimens should be enough to collect all, at least 12 ml,
preferably 50 ml, the timing must collect all the urine of women
Patients should avoid vaginal secretions, blood contamination of urine specimens.
C, stool samples:Stool samples for the detection judgment digestive diseases has
important reference value. Collection requirements with a clean bamboo select faecal
mucus, pus and blood components and other abnormality, no abnormal appearance
Droppings shall be drawn from multiple surface and deep manure end. Get parasitemia and
for egg counts should be collected 24 hours feces. Dysentery amoeba trophozoites check
should immediately check in after a bowel movement, and from there sepsis
Softer at the drawn, insulation inspection. Charles S. japonicum eggs should take mucus,
pus and blood portion 30g stool specimens from at least miracidia hatching, and to be
treated as soon as possible. Check pinworm eggs must use transparent film swab
Night before 12:00 or early in the morning from defecation wrinkled folds around the
anus and immediately swabbing at microscopic examination. Occult blood test (chemistry),
fasting before the test on the 3rd of meat and foods containing animal blood and ban
clothing iron, vitamin C and so on.
Should be checked in all 1 hour stool specimen collection is completed, in order to
prevent damage to physical components of digestive enzymes and pH by. For clinical
samples above the detection indicators.
D, CSF samples:CSF samples collected immediately after submission, place too long will
affect the test results: such as cell degeneration, destruction, leading to counting and
classification are not allowed; some chemicals such as glucose content will decompose
Save
Less; bacteria occur autolysis affect bacteria detection rate. Cerebrospinal fluid
extracted three general dispensing a sterile tube, the first tube for bacterial culture,
a second tube for chemical analysis and immunological tests, the third tube for general
Characters and microscopic examination, three of the order should be reversed. Specimen
collection is difficult because all inspection and testing process should pay attention
to safety.
E, ascites and pleural effusion samples:CSF samples with the same attention to safety
after the specimen collection, and timely submission. Generally separated into three
tubes, one for routine cytology, a biochemical examination, a bacterial culture, in
order
CSF same is appropriate.
F, prostatic fluid sample:Prostatic fluid specimen after prostate massage by the
acquisition, directly drop when less liquid on a glass slide and timely submission shall
be taken to prevent sample evaporation to dryness, the amount collected for a long time
in a clean, dry test tube. If massage
No prostatic fluid, urine sediment can be checked after the massage.
G, semen samples:Abstinence before semen collection should be 3 to 7 days, drain the
urine after masturbation or other available methods of semen directly into clean
containers, insulation and timely submission. Due to changes in sperm production during
the day and
Large, generally should be checked 2 to 3 times (each time interval of 1 to 2 weeks) in
order to make a diagnosis.
H, samples of vaginal secretions:Vaginal samples were collected 24 hours before
intercourse should be prohibited, bath, vaginal examination, vaginal lavage and local on
the drug, etc., drawing instruments used need to be cleaned. Usually with brine-soaked
cotton swab from the vagina deep
Or rear vaginal fornix, cervical canal mouth drawn, etc., made after saline smear
vaginal secretion samples observation, women with menstrual vaginal secretions were not
checking.
2, do before each sample by ELISA experiment how to prepare?
Before collecting the sample must have a comprehensive plan must clearly be detected
component is stable enough. To be collected on the same day
Sample testing, and timely backup stored at 4 ℃. For the next day re-testing samples
frozen in a timely manner after dispensing -20 ℃ spare, conditional, preferably -70 ℃
cryopreservation standby. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing specimens
.
Liquid samples: including serum, plasma, urine, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid,
cell culture supernatant and the like.
1. serum:
Coagulation at room temperature 10-20 mins, centrifugation 20 minutes or so (2000-3000
rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage,
Centrifugal again.
2. Plasma:
EDTA should be selected according to the requirements of the specimen, sodium citrate or
heparin as an anticoagulant, mix 10-20 mins, centrifugation 20 minutes or so (2000-3000
rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. Save process
If precipitation appeared, Centrifugal again.
3. Urine:
Sterile collection tube. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min).
Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage, Centrifugal again.
Pleural and peritoneal effusions, and cerebrospinal fluid Reference to this practice.
4. The cell culture supernatant:
The detection of secretory component with a sterile collection tube. Centrifuged for 20
minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant.
5. cultured cells
????When the detection of intracellular components, diluted with PBS (PH7.2-7.4) cell
suspension, the cell concentration reached 1 million / ml or so. By repeated freezing
and thawing or tissue protein extraction reagent was added to the cells
Damage and release of intracellular components. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so
(2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during
storage, Centrifugal again.
6. tissues
????After cutting samples, check the weight. Adding a certain amount of PBS, PH7.4.
Rapidly frozen with liquid nitrogen. After thawing samples remained at 2-8 ℃. Adding a
certain amount of PBS
(PH7.4), or tissue protein extraction reagent, or by hand homogenizer homogenized
sample. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the
supernatant. A new package to be detected, which
I alternate freezing.
Q:Do
I have to run all of my standards and samples in duplicate?
A:Yes, the duplicates are run in order to monitor assay precision and increase
confidence in the assay results obtained.
Q:Do
I have to run all of my samples at one time?
A:No, each kit uses stripwell microplate. This allows the user to analyse different
numbers of samples at different times.
Q:What
types of reproducible results are obtained with the assays?
A:Each kit comes with a manual containing a graph of typical data obtained. Any
variation in operator, pipetting and washing technique, incubation time or temperature,
and kit age can cause variation in result. Each user should obtain their own standard
curve.
Q:Is
it possible to store the reagents other than indicated?
A:Storage of the kit components under conditions other than indicated is not recommended
in order to assure proper performance of the test.
Q:How
should I store my samples?
A:Samples should be stored at -20oC or lower temperature. For long-term storage, it is
recommended to freeze them at -70oC -80oC.
Q:Can
I modify the protocol?
A:BG ELISA kits have been optimized to provide the best possible results. Modifying the
format or protocol may give inaccurate and wrong results.
Q:Can
I use a sample type that is not recommended in the kit insert?
A:The kit has been validated for the sample types listed in the kit insert. Sample types
other than those validated have not been tested. Contact Technical Service for further
information.
Q:My
samples generated values that were outside the dynamic range of the assay. Can I use
these values?
A:It is recommended that only sample values that fall within the range of the standard
curve be used. Values outside the range of the standard curve are generally non-linear,
which can lead to incorrectly extrapolated values. Samples that generate values higher
than the highest standard should be (further) diluted and the assay repeated. If samples
fall below the range of the assay, the sample is considered to be non-detectable.
Q:Do
I have to run a Blank or Zero Standards every time?
A:Yes, these are required for the calculations, and reflect any subtle but significant
performance changes from day to day and assay to assay. They are also extremely helpful
when troubleshooting the source of a particular assay problem.
Q:Can
I alter the volume of sample I use in the assay?
A:It is not recommended that you alter the volumes since all BG kits are designed for
optimal performance at the given volumes
Q:Can
components from different kits be used?
A:Each kit contains components which have specific lot numbers to ensure that all of the
components are performing optimally alone, as well as with all of the other components
in the kit. QC testing is performed on these specific lots. It is never recommended to
use your own components or components from other kits or vendors.
Q:My
standard curve looked fine, but I didn’t get a signal in my sample when I expected
to, why?
A:The sample may not contain the analyte. A matrix effect may be masking the detection.
Ensure that the recommended dilution was followed as stated in the kit insert. If
dilution was recommended, check to be sure that the dilution was performed properly.
Over-dilution may cause the sample to fall below the range of the standard curve.
Q:How
do you recommend I wash my plate?
A:If you are using an automated plate washer we recommend that the calibration be
checked on a regular basis, and that the system is flushed with the Plate Washing Buffer
prior to washing. The same is true for a manual washer. A repeater or a wash bottle can
also be used. The user should be careful to ensure that all of the contents are
aspirated and the plate tapped dry on lint-free paper.
Q:Do
I need to use a plate shaker?
A:Reliable results can be obtained without a plate shaker, but the O.D.'s will generally
be lower than those obtained using a plate shaker.
Q:Why
do I have to use wavelength correction between 450-570nm?
A:For the ELISA assay, reading at dual wavelengths is done to correct for the optical
density contributed by the plastic well, the lamp and optical fluctuations.
Q:If
I extract my sample, do I still need to follow the recommended dilutions given in
the kit insert?
A:The amount of sample dilution needed after an extraction procedure will be affected by
the effects of purification and concentration in the protocol used. The amount of
dilution or concentration will have to be determined by the end-user.
Q:What
is the expected concentration of analyte that I should expect to find?
A:The amount of a given analyte may vary not only from species-to-species, but also
between tissue and cellular sources. The best source of this information is the current
literature that is easily accessed through the Internet at multiple scientific
databases.
Q:My
optical densities were a little higher (or lower) than those in the manual that came
with my kit. Why?
A:The optical density is affected by a number of physical conditions such as time and
temperature. We suggest that you shorten or lengthen the final incubation with substrate
solution to compensate.
Q:What
are the reasons for High Background?
A:1) Improper Washing: Check volume of washing buffer reservoir and make sure all
recommended washing steps are performed.
2) Contaminated Substrate: Make sure there is no contamination of the substrate with
metal ions or oxidizing reagents, before use. Keep the extra substrate solution
separately during the ELISA substrate development time.
3) Substrate exposed to light: Exposure to light may result in a blue color of the
substrate. Keep solutions in the dark (vial) until ready to dispense into the plate.
4) Wrong Incubation Times/Temperatures: Generally follow the test protocol regarding
incubation times and temperatures. However, if all wells are intensely and equally
colored with no intensity gradient observed in the standard dilution series, then it may
be necessary to observe the substrate reaction as the color is developing, in order to
stop the reaction sooner.
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