ELISA試劑盒實驗室安全防護(hù)的四道防線

<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒</font></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試驗室因為其規(guī)劃、修建布局、周圍環(huán)境、內(nèi)部切割及通風(fēng)條件等的不一樣而有不一樣的室內(nèi)小氣候。室內(nèi)小氣候的好壞、好壞，對試驗室作業(yè)人員的身體健康有很大的影響。試驗室也因為處理和檢查的標(biāo)本不一樣、檢查目的和方法不一樣，其藏匿的具有潛在傳染才能的微生物的品種、數(shù)量和存在方式亦不一樣。不一樣于研究型試驗室的標(biāo)本中或生物材猜中也許帶著的潛在病原微生物往往是不知道而多樣的。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">因為試驗室的標(biāo)本來自不一樣的病人，其傳染性和只病性也是不知道的，一起，試驗室生物安全系統(tǒng)建設(shè)的不平衡，所以試驗室安全水平的準(zhǔn)確劃分和恰當(dāng)使用也對比艱難。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">生物安全問題往往是因為一些細(xì)節(jié)疏忽而導(dǎo)致的，所以建立完善的試驗室生物安全辦理規(guī)章制度、生物安全操作規(guī)程</font>,<font face="宋體">并在實踐作業(yè)中采取辦法嚴(yán)保履行</font><font face="Calibri">,</font><font face="宋體">加強(qiáng)試驗室作業(yè)人員的訓(xùn)練、一起重視試驗室作業(yè)人員的身體健康、制定試驗室發(fā)作獲得性傳染時的應(yīng)急預(yù)案勢在必行。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試驗室依據(jù)運(yùn)用的一級和二級的防護(hù)屏障的不一樣，實驗室生物安全防護(hù)水平分為四級，防護(hù)水平由低到高擺放即：一級生物安全水平（</font>BSL-1<font face="宋體">）、二級生物安全水平（</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-2</font><font face="宋體">）、三級生物安全水平（</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-3</font><font face="宋體">）和四級生物安全水平（</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-4</font><font face="宋體">）。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">所謂一級防護(hù)屏障是指生物安全柜和自己防護(hù)裝備等構(gòu)成的防護(hù)屏障，二級防護(hù)屏障則是指實驗室的設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)和通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)等構(gòu)成的防護(hù)屏障。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒</font></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試驗室安全防護(hù)都是依據(jù)保證處理特定感染病原體時的工作人員和環(huán)境的安全而進(jìn)行計劃的。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-1<font face="宋體">：一級生物安全水平</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-1<font face="宋體">是圍護(hù)屏障水陡峭生物安全等級最低的生物實驗室，在該等級實驗室中進(jìn)行的操作都是在室內(nèi)打開空間進(jìn)行的，所以，在其間活動所觸及的生物因子應(yīng)是已知不致使健康成人感染的微生物。但是，應(yīng)留心這些微生物或許有或許致使孩童、白叟或免疫患者的機(jī)遇感染。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-2<font face="宋體">：二級生物安全水平</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-2<font face="宋體">首要用于處理中度危險的病原體，如沙門氏菌屬和乙型肝炎病毒等。這些病原體或許通過意外的經(jīng)口攝入或經(jīng)皮膚、黏膜顯露而感染。在遵循標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作程序的情況下，這些病原體的處理可在打開實驗臺進(jìn)行。但是，如預(yù)期有發(fā)作噴濺或可發(fā)作氣溶膠時應(yīng)運(yùn)用生物安全柜等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-3<font face="宋體">：三級生物安全水平</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-3<font face="宋體">是為應(yīng)對首要通過氣溶膠傳達(dá)的病原微生物如結(jié)核分支桿菌等的實驗室操作而計劃的。</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-3</font><font face="宋體">有嚴(yán)格的操作規(guī)程和程序，運(yùn)用一級和二級防護(hù)屏障，一同對于比方通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)都有特其他懇求。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-4<font face="宋體">：四級生物安全水平</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-4<font face="宋體">用于可致使喪身疾病的病原體的處理和實驗操作，這些病原體或許通過氣溶膠傳達(dá)的或許沒有有用的疫苗避免或沒有有用的治療辦法。</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-4</font><font face="宋體">實驗室的實驗操作一般地應(yīng)在三級生物安全柜內(nèi)進(jìn)行，或由身著正壓防護(hù)服的工作人員進(jìn)行操作處理。</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-4</font><font face="宋體">實驗室應(yīng)是完全獨立的實驗室，其通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)和廢物處理亦應(yīng)完全獨立。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒</font></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試驗室在作業(yè)過程中也許造成試驗室環(huán)境的污染，如離心、混勻、接種、制片、移液、加樣等可發(fā)作氣溶膠污染，標(biāo)本噴濺等可直接污染肌膚黏膜及試驗臺面和地上等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">別的，因為室內(nèi)環(huán)境空間的約束，設(shè)備、人員擁堵以及通風(fēng)換氣不充分等都也許使試驗室內(nèi)病原體的濃度添加，使人群在室內(nèi)被污染的時機(jī)顯著大于室外。別的，嚙齒動物、昆蟲等也都可帶著傳播微生物病原體，給試驗室作業(yè)人員健康帶來要挾。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>