如何降低化學(xué)實驗室的空氣濕度

<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">化學(xué)實驗室的空氣濕度造成的影響有多大？</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">★ </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">降低化學(xué)實驗室的空氣濕度，首先要盡量減少室內(nèi)水汽的堆積，進行用水的操作時，選擇靠近門、窗及抽氣機的水源，以便水汽隨時揮發(fā)出去。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">另外必須從整體出發(fā)、兼顧細節(jié)，既要讓室內(nèi)整體空間變干爽，也要加強貴重儀器及化學(xué)試劑存放點的防潮，這樣才能達到標、本兼治的目的。</font>&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">★</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> 實驗室室內(nèi)整體空間防潮<font face="Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">1<font face="宋體">、間歇通風(fēng)法</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">當室外濕度大的時候，把上風(fēng)方向的門窗關(guān)閉，只開啟下風(fēng)方向的門窗，以減少水汽進入室內(nèi)。當天氣轉(zhuǎn)晴朗時，打開所有門窗通風(fēng)，促進水分蒸發(fā)。但中午外面的空氣濕度處于</font>*<font face="宋體">值，不宜開窗，應(yīng)在下午或傍晚，氣候相對干燥時開窗調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)空氣。</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">2<font face="宋體">、 干燥劑吸濕法</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">常用的干燥劑有氧化鈣，氯化鈣，五氧化二磷，硅膠等。</font>1 kg<font face="宋體">氧化鈣能吸附空氣中大約</font><font face="Calibri">0.3 kg</font><font face="宋體">水分。陰雨天可用布料多裝些放于室內(nèi)，使室內(nèi)空氣保持干燥。使用時應(yīng)經(jīng)常觀察干燥劑形態(tài)，當干燥劑形態(tài)改變時，即已失去吸濕作用，例如氧化鈣變成粉末狀，說明已成氫氧化鈣，應(yīng)及時更換，以達到持續(xù)除濕的目的。</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">3<font face="宋體">、利用機器防潮</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">空調(diào)不僅可以用來調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)溫度，而且可以調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)濕度。</font> <font face="宋體">當空調(diào)器內(nèi)蒸發(fā)器中的制冷劑蒸發(fā)時，需要吸收熱量，蒸發(fā)器表面溫度會降低很多，室內(nèi)水汽遇冷凝結(jié)成水，經(jīng)出水管排到室外，達到除濕的目的。但空調(diào)機的主要作用是制冷，雖可以除濕但其量較小。</font>&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">除濕機工作時由風(fēng)扇將潮濕空氣抽入機體內(nèi)，經(jīng)過蒸發(fā)器時空氣中的水分被冷凝成水珠流到水箱，變干燥后的空氣排出機體外，如此循環(huán)來實現(xiàn)除濕。</font>&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">空調(diào)與除濕機除濕效果明顯，但投入較高。不過雖然增加了投入，但是節(jié)省了儀器的維修費，減少了事故的發(fā)生率，收益還是大于支出的。</font>&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">★</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> 高校化學(xué)實驗室是教學(xué)科研的重要場所，在潮氣的侵襲下，儀器可能銹蝕；木制實驗臺可能變形；遇潮濕可燃危險化學(xué)品易引發(fā)火災(zāi)、爆炸事故。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">因此如何根據(jù)現(xiàn)有條件，達到更好的防潮效果，強化實驗室工作條件，避免事故發(fā)生，是眾多實驗室工作者需要進一步探討的問題。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p>