詳解原代細(xì)胞,細(xì)胞系,細(xì)胞株
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">原代細(xì)胞</font>(primary cell)</span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">是指從機(jī)體的組織中經(jīng)蛋白酶或其它的方法獲得、并在體外進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞,稱為原代細(xì)胞。一般認(rèn)為,培養(yǎng)的原代的第</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋體">代細(xì)胞和傳代到第</font><font face="Calibri">10</font><font face="宋體">代以內(nèi)的細(xì)胞統(tǒng)稱為原代細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">細(xì)胞株</font>(cell line)<font face="宋體">:</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">通過選擇法或克隆形成法從原代培養(yǎng)物或細(xì)胞系中獲得具有特殊性質(zhì)或標(biāo)志物的培養(yǎng)物稱為細(xì)胞株,也就是說,細(xì)胞株是用單細(xì)胞分離培養(yǎng)或通過篩選的方法,由單細(xì)胞增殖形成的細(xì)胞群。細(xì)胞株的特殊性質(zhì)或標(biāo)志必須在整個培養(yǎng)期間始終存在。如果不能繼續(xù)傳代或傳代數(shù)有限,稱為有限細(xì)胞株;如果可以連續(xù)傳代,稱為連續(xù)細(xì)胞株。對于人類腫瘤細(xì)胞,在體外培養(yǎng)半年以上,生長穩(wěn)定的并連續(xù)傳代的即可稱為連續(xù)性株或系。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">細(xì)胞系</font>(cell strain)<font face="宋體">:</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">原代培養(yǎng)物經(jīng)首次傳代成功后即為細(xì)胞系,由原先存在于原代培養(yǎng)物中的細(xì)胞世系所組成。如果不能繼續(xù)傳代,或傳代次數(shù)有限, 可稱為有限細(xì)胞系, 如可以連續(xù)培養(yǎng), 則稱為連續(xù)細(xì)胞系, 培養(yǎng)</font><font face="Calibri">50</font><font face="宋體">代以上并無限培養(yǎng)下去。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">現(xiàn)行的人教社大綱版選修教材中是這樣介紹細(xì)胞株和細(xì)胞系的:原代培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞一般傳至</font>10<font face="宋體">代左右就不容易傳下去了,細(xì)胞的生長就會出現(xiàn)停滯,大部分細(xì)胞衰老死亡。但是有極少數(shù)的細(xì)胞能夠度過“危機(jī)”而繼續(xù)傳下去,這些存活的細(xì)胞一般能夠傳到</font><font face="Calibri">40--50</font><font face="宋體">代,這種傳代細(xì)胞叫做細(xì)胞株。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">細(xì)胞株的遺傳物質(zhì)沒有發(fā)生改變。當(dāng)細(xì)胞傳至</font>50<font face="宋體">代以后又會出現(xiàn)“危機(jī)”,不能再傳下去。但是有部分細(xì)胞的遺傳物質(zhì)發(fā)生了改變,并且?guī)в邪┳兊奶攸c(diǎn),有可能在培養(yǎng)條件下無限制地傳代下去,這種傳代細(xì)胞稱為細(xì)胞系。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">原代細(xì)胞的優(yōu)勢是細(xì)胞的性狀和生物學(xué)特性接近于期生理狀態(tài),但其缺點(diǎn)是原代細(xì)胞分離困難,生長時間有限。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">細(xì)胞系或細(xì)胞株的優(yōu)勢是細(xì)胞傳得代數(shù)較多或無限傳代,較容易培養(yǎng),但缺點(diǎn)是隨著培養(yǎng)代數(shù)的增加,某些細(xì)胞的生理性狀可能丟失。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">基于如上比較,很多科研工作者會選擇原代細(xì)胞從事科研實驗。</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>