大鼠小鼠取血時的操作步驟

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">為了對更多事物有更深的了解，人們需要不斷的做實驗，得到數據后進行分析。一般做動物實驗是很多的，其中老鼠是很常見的實驗對象，因為老鼠數量多，容易捕獲。不過人們在對大鼠小鼠取血的時候也是有一定的注意事項，這樣才不會影響實驗數據。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">大鼠小鼠取血操作步驟：</span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">1.<font face="宋體">剪尾采血</font></span></span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><font face="宋體">小鼠每次采血量</font>0.1ml<font face="宋體">，大鼠每次采血量</font><font face="Calibri">0.3-0.5ml;</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><font face="宋體">左手拇指和食指從背部抓住鼠頸部皮膚，將鼠頭朝下，鼠保定后將其尾巴置于</font>50<font face="宋體">℃熱水中浸泡數分鐘，使尾部血管充盈。擦干尾部，再用剪刀或刀片剪去尾尖</font><font face="Calibri">1-2mm</font><font face="宋體">，用試管接流出的血液，同時自尾根部向尾尖按摩。取血后用棉球壓迫止血并用</font><font face="Calibri">6%</font><font face="宋體">液體火棉膠涂在傷口處止血。</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">2.<font face="宋體">摘除眼球采血</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><font face="宋體">小鼠采血量</font>0.5-1ml</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">左手抓住小鼠頸部皮膚，輕壓在實驗臺上，取側臥位，左手食指盡量將小鼠眼周皮膚往頸后壓，使眼球突出。用眼科彎鑷迅速夾去眼球，將鼠倒立，用器皿接住流出的血液。采血完畢立即用紗布壓迫止血。大鼠少用。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">3.<font face="宋體">心臟采血</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><font face="宋體">小鼠采血量</font>0.5-0.6ml<font face="宋體">，大鼠采血量</font><font face="Calibri">1-1.5ml</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><font face="宋體">鼠仰臥位固定，剪去胸前區(qū)被毛，皮膚消毒后，用左手食指在左側第</font>3-4<font face="宋體">肋間觸摸到心搏處，右手持帶有</font><font face="Calibri">4-5</font><font face="宋體">號針頭的注射器，選擇心搏強處穿刺，當刺中心臟時，血液會自動進入注射器。</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">4.<font face="宋體">斷頭采血</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><font face="宋體">小鼠采血</font>0.8-1.2ml<font face="宋體">，大鼠采血量</font><font face="Calibri">5-10ml</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><font face="宋體">左手拇指和食指從背部抓住鼠頸部皮膚，將鼠頭朝下，右手用剪刀剪斷鼠頸部約</font>1/2-4/5<font face="宋體">，讓血液流入試管。</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">5.<font face="宋體">眼眶靜脈叢采血</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><font face="宋體">小鼠采血量為</font>0.2-0.4ml<font face="宋體">，大鼠采血量為</font><font face="Calibri">0.4-0.8ml;</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><font face="宋體">取內徑為</font>1.0-1.5mm<font face="宋體">的玻璃毛細管，臨用前折斷成</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋體">～</font><font face="Calibri">1.5cm</font><font face="宋體">長的毛細管段，浸入</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋體">％肝素溶液中，干燥后用。取血時左手抓住鼠兩耳之間的頸背部皮膚以固定頭部，輕輕向下壓迫頸部兩側，引起頭部靜脈血液回流困難使眼眶靜脈叢充血，右手持毛細管由內眥部插入結膜，再輕輕向眼底部方向推進，輕輕旋轉毛細管以劃破靜脈叢，讓血液順毛細管流出，接收入事先準備的容器中。采血后紗布輕壓眼部止血。小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠及家兔均可采取此法取血。刺入深度小鼠為</font><font face="Calibri">2-3mm</font><font face="宋體">，可采血</font><font face="Calibri">0.2-0.3ml</font><font face="宋體">；大鼠為</font><font face="Calibri">4-5mm</font><font face="宋體">，可采血</font><font face="Calibri">0.4-0.8ml</font><font face="宋體">。</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">（以上采血均需注意，防止毛絮進入血液導致溶血等，另外就是防止劇烈的晃動，一般采集后須靜置，并離心收集血清（或血漿）；分離之前不可冷凍。分離之后的血清（漿）可視情況進行凍存處理。）</span></span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>