實(shí)驗(yàn)中易變質(zhì)試劑的保存
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">化學(xué)試劑</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">常常因?yàn)楸9芑蚴褂貌划?dāng)而變質(zhì),其中有些因易揮發(fā)而變質(zhì)并污染空氣;有些易吸收水分而潮解或水解而變質(zhì);有些因易與空氣中的氧氣、二氧化碳或其他雜質(zhì)作用而變質(zhì);有些會(huì)因光照或環(huán)境溫度較高而變質(zhì)。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 204, 0);"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">這類(lèi)試劑應(yīng)注意根據(jù)其特性妥為保管與使用。在中學(xué)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種:</span></span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">1<font face="宋體">.易揮發(fā)的試劑</font></span></span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">特性:易揮發(fā)。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">實(shí)例:濃鹽酸、濃氨水、低沸點(diǎn)有機(jī)物(如四氯化碳、氯仿、甲醛溶液等)。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">保管與取用的注意事項(xiàng):要嚴(yán)密蓋緊瓶蓋,保存在陰涼通風(fēng)處,取用后要立即蓋緊瓶蓋。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">2<font face="宋體">.易潮解或易水解的試劑</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">特性:易吸收環(huán)境中的水分(水蒸氣)而潮解或水解。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">實(shí)例:氯化鈣、氯化鋅、氯化鈷、氯化亞錫、氯化亞鐵、氯化鐵、硝酸銨、硝酸鈉、硫化鈉、五氧化二磷、三氯磷、五氯化磷、無(wú)水氯化鋁等。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">保管及使用的注意事項(xiàng):嚴(yán)密蓋緊瓶蓋并刷石蠟密封,保存在陰涼干燥處,啟封取用后要及時(shí)重新蓋緊封好。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">3<font face="宋體">.見(jiàn)光或環(huán)境溫度高時(shí)易分解變質(zhì)的試劑</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">特性:受光照或環(huán)境溫度高時(shí)易分解或變質(zhì)。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><font face="宋體">實(shí)例:硝酸銀、濃雙氧水、碘化鉀、溴化鉀、氯化亞汞、亞硝酸鹽、漂白、氯水、溴水、在光照下易被氧化的物質(zhì)(如</font>H2S<font face="宋體">溶液、亞鐵鹽、金屬的較低價(jià)鹽類(lèi)等)、在光照下易被還原的物質(zhì)(如高錳酸鹽、鉻酸鹽、三氧化鉻等)。</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">保管與使用的注意事項(xiàng):</span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">用棕色、黃棕色、黑色等有色玻璃瓶盛裝,若用無(wú)色玻璃瓶盛裝時(shí)瓶外要套黑紙?zhí)祝4嬗陉帥鎏?,使用時(shí)也要注意避光。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>