解讀QPCR與PCR的核心差異:從定性到定量
<p> <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"> PCR</span><font face="宋體" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">是</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1984</font><font face="宋體" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">年開始出現(xiàn)的一種基因檢測技術(shù),由于其操作簡便、靈敏度高,被廣泛應(yīng)用于基礎(chǔ)研究和臨床檢測,成為分子生物學(xué)中必不可少的研究工具。傳統(tǒng)的</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">PCR</font><font face="宋體" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">定量,又稱為終點(diǎn)</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">PCR</font><font face="宋體" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">定量,是通過檢測</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">PCR</font><font face="宋體" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">反應(yīng)結(jié)束后(即平臺期)的擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物量來估算初始模板量。通常采用瓊脂糖凝膠電泳分離</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">PCR</font><font face="宋體" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">產(chǎn)物,并使用熒光染料(如溴化乙錠)染色后,通過比較條帶亮度或使用凝膠成像系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行半定量分析。但在</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">PCR</font><font face="宋體" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">反應(yīng)中,由于反應(yīng)體系、反應(yīng)條件等因素,會影響</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">PCR</font><font face="宋體" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">反應(yīng)的效率,甚至?xí)霈F(xiàn)一些非特異性的擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物,因此終點(diǎn)</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">PCR</font><font face="宋體" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">定量并不準(zhǔn)確。</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<h3><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> QPCR<font face="宋體">簡介</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">實(shí)時熒光定量</font>PCR<font face="宋體">(</font><font face="Calibri">Real-timequantitativePCR</font><font face="宋體">,常簡稱為</font><font face="Calibri">qPCR</font><font face="宋體">)是一種常用的定量</font><font face="Calibri">PCR(qPCR)</font><font face="宋體">方法。</font><font face="Calibri">AppliedBiosystems</font><font face="宋體">公司在</font><font face="Calibri">1996</font><font face="宋體">年推出了第一臺商品化的實(shí)時熒光定量</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">儀,極大地推動了該技術(shù)的普及和應(yīng)用。相比于傳統(tǒng)的終點(diǎn)</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">,實(shí)時熒光定量</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">具有靈敏度高、特異性強(qiáng)、可實(shí)現(xiàn)多重反應(yīng)、自動化程度高、污染風(fēng)險低、可實(shí)時監(jiān)測結(jié)果等特點(diǎn),在醫(yī)學(xué)臨床檢測和臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究中具有重要意義。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<h3><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> QPCR<font face="宋體">與</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">區(qū)別</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">熒光定量</font>PCR<font face="宋體">實(shí)時監(jiān)測與</font><font face="Calibri">DNA</font><font face="宋體">結(jié)合的熒光染料激發(fā)的熒光;普通</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">通過檢測插入</font><font face="Calibri">DNA</font><font face="宋體">中的染料(通常是紫外線)的量來測量最終</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">產(chǎn)物的量。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> 1、<font face="宋體">實(shí)時熒光定量</font>PCR<font face="宋體">與傳統(tǒng)</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">反應(yīng)要求不同</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">熒光定量對擴(kuò)增片段要求較高,一般為</font>100-300bp<font face="宋體">;普通定量可以擴(kuò)增較長的片段,如果不需要檢測產(chǎn)物分子量,熒光定量可以定量分析產(chǎn)物而不需要電泳,而普通</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">必須進(jìn)行電泳。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> 2、<font face="宋體">實(shí)時熒光定量</font>PCR<font face="宋體">與傳統(tǒng)</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">反應(yīng)結(jié)果不同</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">熒光定量可以做到精準(zhǔn)定量,而普通</font>PCR<font face="宋體">做不到。熒光定量可以展示整個擴(kuò)增過程,擴(kuò)增效率,溶解溫度,直接得到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線等,這是普通</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">做不到的。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">上述是</font>QPCR<font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">區(qū)別,</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">技術(shù)作為分子生物學(xué)基石,為基因研究提供了重要的技術(shù)支持。而</font><font face="Calibri">QPCR</font><font face="宋體">在此基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展而來,憑借其定量精準(zhǔn)、實(shí)時監(jiān)測等優(yōu)勢,極大地拓展了</font><font face="Calibri">PCR</font><font face="宋體">技術(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍,尤其在醫(yī)學(xué)診斷、疾病研究等領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)出巨大的潛力,未來必將在生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮更重要的作用。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體; mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>