蛋白質(zhì)檢測:ELISA和WB的區(qū)別
<p> <font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;"> 酶聯(lián)免疫吸附實驗(</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">ELISA</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">)和蛋白質(zhì)印跡法(</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Westernblotting </font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">)是分子生物學(xué)中用于檢測和定量蛋白質(zhì)的</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">2</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">種常用技術(shù)。雖然說</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">2</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">種技術(shù)都是基于特異性抗體與目標(biāo)蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)合的原理,但它們具有不同應(yīng)用和優(yōu)勢。</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 通過權(quán)衡</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting </font><font face="宋體">之間分析方面的利弊,可以更明智地決定哪種方法最適合您的實驗。兩者都是檢測和量化蛋白質(zhì)重要技術(shù),但每種技術(shù)都有自己特點。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">在本文中,我們將討論</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">之間的主要區(qū)別,以幫助您選擇合適的方法。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<h3><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> </font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">區(qū)別</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> </font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">是在</font><font face="Calibri">96</font><font face="宋體">孔板中進行的免疫測定,是一種簡單、快速且高度靈敏的方法來測量樣本中特定蛋白質(zhì)的存在。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">通常用于定性和定量分析各種樣本類型中的蛋白質(zhì),例如血清、細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)上清液和尿液。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> </font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">是一種用于檢測和鑒定樣本中特定蛋白質(zhì)的強大技術(shù)。蛋白質(zhì)印跡法的基本原理是使用電泳分離樣本中的蛋白質(zhì),將其轉(zhuǎn)移到硝酸纖維素或</font><font face="Calibri">PVDF</font><font face="宋體">膜上,然后用針對目標(biāo)蛋白質(zhì)的特異性抗體探測膜。如果存在目標(biāo)蛋白質(zhì),抗體就會與蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)合。二抗可通過兩種主要方法之一進行檢測:化學(xué)發(fā)光或熒光。</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <img src="/images/upload/Image/ELISA和WEB區(qū)別.jpg" alt="ELISA和WB區(qū)別" width="500" height="251" /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<h3><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> </font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">特點</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> </font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">在檢測和定量蛋白質(zhì)上都有各自優(yōu)缺點,傳統(tǒng)上,每個</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">只能針對一種蛋白質(zhì),</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">難以同時分析單個樣本中的多種蛋白質(zhì)。</font><strong><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">優(yōu)勢如下</font></strong><font face="宋體">:</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 1、需要檢測極少量的目標(biāo)蛋白,或稀有或低豐度蛋白。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">的主要優(yōu)勢是靈敏度高。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 2、需要測量樣本中目標(biāo)蛋白質(zhì)的精確量。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">是確定蛋白質(zhì)濃度或監(jiān)測蛋白質(zhì)水平隨時間變化的有效工具。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 3、實驗室時間緊迫。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">檢測快速、簡單,只需極少的樣品制備即可相對快速地完成。它是常規(guī)檢測的便捷選擇。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 由于</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">是一種高通量、靈敏且簡單的檢測方法,因此非常適合檢測大量樣本中的低豐度蛋白質(zhì)。而蛋白質(zhì)印跡法是一種高度特異性的技術(shù),能夠?qū)⒌鞍踪|(zhì)分解成不同的分子量范圍,因此可用于檢測可能的蛋白質(zhì)修飾和實驗條件之間的細(xì)微差異。</font><strong><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">優(yōu)勢如下</font></strong><font face="宋體">:</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 1、從復(fù)雜混合物中分離和鑒定目標(biāo)蛋白</font><font face="Calibri">:</font><font face="宋體">即使在復(fù)雜的蛋白質(zhì)混合物(如細(xì)胞裂解物)中,</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">也能有效地分離不同分子量的蛋白質(zhì),并通過特異性抗體檢測目標(biāo)蛋白。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 2、特異性識別目標(biāo)蛋白</font><font face="Calibri">:Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">利用抗原抗體反應(yīng)的特異性,可以從眾多蛋白質(zhì)中準(zhǔn)確地識別目標(biāo)蛋白,即使目標(biāo)蛋白含量較低。這使得</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">成為一種強大的定性分析工具,用于確定特定蛋白質(zhì)是否存在于樣本中。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 3、確認(rèn)蛋白質(zhì)身份和特性</font><font face="Calibri">:Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">不僅可以確認(rèn)目標(biāo)蛋白的存在,還可以提供更多信息,例如:</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 分子量確認(rèn)</font><font face="Calibri">:</font><font face="宋體">通過比較蛋白質(zhì)的表觀分子量與預(yù)期分子量,可以進一步確認(rèn)蛋白質(zhì)身份。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 翻譯后修飾檢測</font><font face="Calibri">:</font><font face="宋體">可以檢測蛋白質(zhì)的翻譯后修飾,例如磷酸化、糖基化等,這些修飾通常與蛋白質(zhì)的功能密切相關(guān)。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 蛋白質(zhì)異構(gòu)體分析</font><font face="Calibri">:</font><font face="宋體">可以區(qū)分蛋白質(zhì)的不同剪切形式或異構(gòu)體。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 蛋白質(zhì)純度評估</font><font face="Calibri">:</font><font face="宋體">可以評估蛋白質(zhì)的純度,例如是否存在降解產(chǎn)物或雜質(zhì)。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體"> 總而言之,</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">WesternBlot</font><font face="宋體">各有其獨特的優(yōu)勢和局限性,選擇哪種技術(shù)取決于具體的實驗?zāi)康暮蜆颖咎匦浴?lt;/font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">更適合高通量樣本的定量分析,尤其在檢測已知蛋白的濃度變化方面具有優(yōu)勢。而</font><font face="Calibri">WesternBlot</font><font face="宋體">更適合于蛋白質(zhì)的定性和表征分析,例如確定蛋白質(zhì)的分子量、修飾狀態(tài)、異構(gòu)體等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>